Di capacitive embedded metal card

ABSTRACT

A transaction card having a metal layer, an opening in the metal layer for a transponder chip, and at least one discontinuity extending from an origin on the card periphery to a terminus in the opening. The card has a greater flex resistance than a card having a comparative discontinuity with the terminus and the origin the same distance from a line defined by a first long side of the card periphery in an absence of one or more strengthening features. Strengthening features include a discontinuity wherein one of the terminus or the origin are located relatively closer to the first long side of the card periphery than the other, a plurality of discontinuities wherein fewer than all extend from the card periphery to the opening, a self-supporting, non-metal layer disposed on at least one surface of the card, or one or more ceramic reinforcing tabs surrounding the opening.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.15/928,813, filed Mar. 22, 2018 (status: allowed), which claims priorityfrom U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/623,936, titled DICAPACITIVE EMBEDDED METAL CARD, filed Jan. 30, 2018, incorporated hereinby reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Cards, such as identification cards, transponder cards, and transactioncards, such as credit cards, debit cards, sometimes referred to as smartcards, are well known in the art, some embodiments of which may compriseone or more metal layers. An exemplary such card is shown in U.S. Pat.No. 8,725,589, incorporated herein by reference. It is also well knownto embed a microchip or payment module in transaction cards, includingin metal cards. Some embedded payment modules, referred to as “dualinterface” modules, have contacts disposed on one side of the card andconfigured to interface with a card reader, and a radio frequencyidentification (RFID) antenna for communicating inductively with a cardreader. In a metal environment, such as a metal card, it may benecessary to provide a booster antenna or amplifier to improveperformance of the communication interface with the card reader.

In particular, it is known to use the metal frame of the card itself assuch an antenna or amplifier, with the metal enclosure that surroundsthe payment module chip having a discontinuity or “slit” in the metal.U.S. Pat. No. 8,608,082 ('082 Patent) to Le Garrec et al. and U.S. Pat.No. 9,812,782 (and others), to Finn et al., incorporated herein byreference, disclose metal cards with such a discontinuity in the form ofa slit emanating from a mounting location of the RFID chip in the cardto a peripheral edge of the card. The concept of a metal, card-shaped,non-contact antenna having a slit, for RFID signal amplification in ametal environment, is also described generally in the literature, suchas at “A Metallic RFID Tag Design for Steel-Bar and Wire-Rod ManagementApplication in the Steel Industry,” Progress In ElectromagneticsResearch (PIER) Vol. 91 (2009).

The '082 Patent characterizes the metal frame of the card as anamplifier for amplifying the gain of the near-field communicationantenna electrically connected to the microcircuit associated with thepayment module, the amplifier comprising “an electrically conductiveelement electrically insulated from the microcircuit and from theantenna, of generally annular shape,” which in some embodiments forms aring that is broken at least once.

The Finn patents refer to the payment module as a “transponder chipmodule (TCM) comprising an RFID chip (IC) and a module antenna” anddescribes the amplifier formed by the card body as a “coupling frame”having “an electrical discontinuity comprising a slit or non-conductivestripe.”

Regardless of the nomenclature used, metal “slit” cards may have somedisadvantages. In particular, embodiments in which a single slit extendsfrom a midpoint of one edge of the module pocket to the periphery of thecard in a straight horizontal line that is the shortest path from thepocket to the periphery provides little resistance to flexure of thecard at the discontinuity. Metal cards may still have one or more layersover the metal layer. For a card in which the one or more layers isplastic, the plastic may start to wear or whiten because of suchflexure. Thus, there is a need in the art for designs that providebetter resistance to card flexure and the potential wear inducedthereby. Although Finn proposes some alternative constructions, there isstill a need in the art for constructions that provide improvedfunctionality and aesthetics.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One aspect of the invention comprises a transaction card comprising ametal layer, an opening in the metal layer to receive a transponder chipmodule, and at least one discontinuity. The discontinuity comprises agap extending from a front surface of to a back surface of the metallayer and having a width. The discontinuity extends from an origin onthe card periphery to a terminus in the opening for the transponderchip. The card has a greater resistance to flexure than a card having adiscontinuity of the same gap width in which the terminus and the originare the same distance from a line defined by a first long side of thecard periphery in an absence of one or more strengthening features. Onestrengthening feature comprises a single discontinuity wherein one ofthe terminus or the origin are located relatively closer to the firstlong side of the periphery than the other. Another strengthening featurecomprises a plurality of discontinuities, each having a length, whereinfewer than all of the plurality of discontinuities extend from the cardperiphery to the opening. Another strengthening feature comprises aself-supporting non-metal layer disposed on at least one surface of thecard. Still another strengthening feature comprises one or more ceramicreinforcing tabs disposed on one or both surfaces of the card,surrounding the opening. The card may have one or any combination of theforegoing strengthening features.

In general, the opening in the metal layer has a first edge parallel andrelatively closest to a first short side of the card periphery andaligned with a first portion of the card periphery. A second edge of theopening is parallel and relatively closest to a first long side of theperiphery. A third edge of the opening is parallel and relativelyclosest to a second long side of the periphery. The first edge of theopening is relatively closer to the short side of the periphery than thesecond edge is to the long side of the periphery. The second edge of theopening is relatively closer to the first long side of the peripherythan the third edge is to the second long side of the card periphery.The edges of the opening define corners. The opening may be a steppedopening having a first open area defined in the first surface of thecard and a second open area defined in the second surface of the card,wherein the first open area is greater than the second open area.

Another aspect of the invention comprises a transaction card having ametal layer, an opening in the metal layer, and a discontinuity, whereinthe discontinuity defines a path from in which one of the terminus orthe origin are located relatively closer to the first long side of theperiphery than the other.

In some embodiments, the short side of the card periphery has a regionaligned with the first edge of the opening, and the origin is located onthe periphery outside the aligned region. The terminus may be located atthe one corner of the opening, or relatively closer to one corner thanto an adjacent corner defined by a common edge.

In some embodiments, the path of the discontinuity comprises at leasttwo changes in direction of 90 degrees or more. At least a portion ofthe path of the discontinuity may define a stairstep geometry comprisingmore than two changes in direction of 90 degrees, or a portion of thepath of the discontinuity may define a sawtooth geometry comprising morethan two changes in direction of more than 90 degrees, or a combinationthereof. In embodiments wherein the path of the discontinuity comprisesat least one change in direction of more than 90 degrees and at leastone change in direction of 90 degrees, the path may have a microstairstep geometry and a macro sawtooth geometry, comprising at least afirst plurality of more than two changes in direction of 90 degreesleading to a first change in direction of more than 90 degrees and asecond plurality of more than two changes in direction of 90 degreesleading to a second change in direction of more than 90 degrees.Discontinuities with a stairstep geometry may have a rise greater thanthe run, or vice versa. Discontinuities with a stairstep geometry mayhave a curved radius at each change of direction.

In some embodiments, the path of the discontinuity has at least onesection of curved geometry, including embodiments in which the path ofthe discontinuity has one or more changes in direction greater than orequal to 90 degrees, wherein at least one change in direction has acurved geometry. The discontinuity may have, for example, a sinusoidalshape comprising at least two changes in direction of more than 90degrees.

The discontinuity may extend from the first short side of the peripheryto the second edge of the opening or from the first or second long sideof the periphery to the opening. The first and second edges of theopening may be said to define a first corner of the opening and thefirst and third edges of the opening to define a second corner of theopening. In some embodiments, the discontinuity extends from the firstedge in a location relatively closer to the second corner than the firstcorner and terminates in the short side of the periphery in a locationrelatively closer to the first corner than the second corner. In otherembodiments, the discontinuity extends from the opening in a locationrelatively closer to the first corner than the second corner andterminates in the short side of the periphery in a location relativelycloser to the first corner than the second corner.

The card may comprise a transponder chip module disposed in the opening,in which case the metal layer comprises a booster antenna or amplifierfor the transponder chip module. The card may have a first non-metallayer, such as a plastic or ceramic layer, disposed on a first surfaceof the metal layer. A ceramic layer may comprise a ceramic coatingwherein the gap defined by the discontinuity is at least partiallyfilled with the ceramic coating. The non-metal layer may comprise adecorative layer comprising one of wood or leather. A second non-metallayer may be disposed on a second surface of the metal layer. In oneembodiment, the first non-metal layer comprises a ceramic layer and thesecond non-metal layer comprises a plastic layer. The discontinuity maybe optically visible from one or both surfaces of the card, or may notbe optically visible from at least one surface of the card.

Another aspect of the invention comprises a transaction card comprisinga metal layer having an front surface and a back surface; and aplurality of discontinuities in the metal layer wherein fewer than allof the plurality of discontinuities extend from the periphery to theopening. At least one of the plurality of discontinuities may have alength equal to a shortest length from the opening to the periphery. Atleast two of the plurality of discontinuities may be parallel to oneanother.

Another aspect of the invention is a method for making a transactioncard as described herein. The method comprises providing the metallayer, creating the opening in the metal layer sized to accommodate thetransponder chip module, and creating the discontinuity, wherein one ofthe terminus or the origin is located relatively closer to the long sideof the periphery than the other, and disposing the transponder chipmodule in the opening. The discontinuity may be formed prior to creatingthe opening for the transponder chip module. The method may comprisecreating the one or more discontinuities having an endpoint locatedinside the boundary of the opening. The method may comprise creating astepped opening having a first portion with a first open area, and asecond portion having a second open area greater than the first openarea. The method may comprise creating the first portion of the openingfrom the front surface of the card, and creating the second portion ofthe opening from the back surface of the card. The discontinuity may beformed using a laser. The method may further comprise at least partiallyfilling the gap defined by the discontinuity with a non-metal material.At least one non-metal layer may be disposed on the front surface or theback surface of the metal layer, such as by adhesive bonding, or whereinthe non-metal layer comprises a ceramic layer, by spray coating theceramic layer onto the metal layer. Spray coating the ceramic layer ontothe metal layer may comprise at least partially filling the gap with theceramic coating.

Another aspect of the invention may comprising providing a card asdescribed herein having a non-metal layer comprising a ceramic layerhaving a color, further comprising creating with a laser one or morepermanent markings on the ceramic layer having a different color thanthe ceramic layer color. Creating the one or more permanent markings onthe ceramic layer may comprise removing an overlying ceramic layer toreveal an underlying layer having a different color, which he underlyinglayer may be the metal layer or an underlying ceramic layer having adifferent color than an outermost ceramic layer.

Another aspect of the invention comprises a card having a metal layer asdescribed herein, having at least one non-metal layer comprising aself-supporting layer, such as a self-supporting layer comprisingpolyimide or a fiberglass reinforced layer comprising an epoxy, such asFR4.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path forcreating a discontinuity in a metal layer relative to boundaries ofupper and lower portions of a transponder chip opening in the metallayer.

FIG. 1B is a perspective view illustration of a metal layer created inaccordance with FIG. 1A, viewed from the front, upper, right side,showing the opening and discontinuity prior to insertion of atransponder chip into the transponder chip opening.

FIG. 1C is a perspective view illustration of the exemplary metal layerof a card having the discontinuity and opening as depicted in FIG. 1B,after insertion of the payment module.

FIG. 2 is a plan view illustration of the front surface of the card ofFIG. 1C.

FIG. 3 is a plan view illustration of the left side of the card of FIG.1C.

FIG. 4 is a plan view illustration of the right side of the card of FIG.1C.

FIG. 5 is a plan view illustration of the top side of the card of FIG.1C.

FIG. 6 is a plan view illustration of the bottom side of the card ofFIG. 1C.

FIG. 7 is a plan view illustration of the back surface of the card ofFIG. 1C.

FIG. 8A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for adiscontinuity relative to boundaries of upper and lower portions of thetransponder chip opening for another exemplary card embodiment.

FIGS. 8B-8F are perspective and plan view illustrations of the frontsurface, top side, left side, back surface, respectively, of anexemplary card having the discontinuity depicted in FIG. 8A.

FIG. 9A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for adiscontinuity having a stairstep geometry relative to boundaries ofupper and lower portions of the transponder chip opening for anotherexemplary card embodiment.

FIGS. 9B-9F are perspective and plan view illustrations of the frontsurface, top side, left side, back surface, respectively, of anexemplary card having the discontinuity depicted in FIG. 9A.

FIG. 10A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for adiscontinuity having a curved geometry relative to boundaries of upperand lower portions of the transponder chip opening for another exemplarycard embodiment.

FIGS. 10B-10F are perspective and plan view illustrations of the frontsurface, top side, left side, back surface, respectively, of anexemplary card having the discontinuity depicted in FIG. 10A.

FIG. 11A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for adiscontinuity having a sawtooth geometry relative to boundaries of upperand lower portions of the transponder chip opening for another exemplarycard embodiment.

FIGS. 11B-11F are perspective and plan view illustrations of the frontsurface, top side, left side, back surface, respectively, of anexemplary card having the discontinuity depicted in FIG. 11A.

FIG. 12A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for adiscontinuity having a micro stairstep and macro sawtooth geometryrelative to boundaries of upper and lower portions of the transponderchip opening for another exemplary card embodiment.

FIGS. 12B-12F are a perspective view (B) and plan view illustrations ofthe front surface (C), top side (D), left side (E), and back surface(F), respectively, of an exemplary card having the discontinuitydepicted in FIG. 12A.

FIG. 13A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for adiscontinuity having a sawtooth geometry relative to boundaries of upperand lower portions of the transponder chip opening for another exemplarycard embodiment.

FIGS. 13B-13F are a perspective view (B) and plan view illustrations ofthe front surface (C), top side (D), left side (E), and back surface(F), respectively, of an exemplary card having the discontinuitydepicted in FIG. 13A.

FIG. 14A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for adiscontinuity having a curved sinusoidal geometry relative to boundariesof upper and lower portions of the transponder chip opening for anotherexemplary card embodiment.

FIGS. 14B-14F are a perspective view (B) and plan view illustrations ofthe front surface (C), top side (D), left side (E), and back surface(F), respectively, of an exemplary card having the discontinuitydepicted in FIG. 14A.

FIG. 15A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for adiscontinuity having a curved sinusoidal geometry relative to boundariesof upper and lower portions of the transponder chip opening for anotherexemplary card embodiment.

FIGS. 15B-15F are a perspective view (B) and plan view illustrations ofthe front surface (C), top side (D), left side (E), and back surface(F), respectively, of an exemplary card having the discontinuitydepicted in FIG. 15A.

FIG. 16A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for adiscontinuity having a curved sinusoidal geometry relative to boundariesof upper and lower portions of the transponder chip opening for anotherexemplary card embodiment.

FIGS. 16B-16F are a perspective view (B) and plan view illustrations ofthe front surface (C), top side (D), left side (E), and back surface(F), respectively, of an exemplary card having the discontinuitydepicted in FIG. 16A.

FIG. 17A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for adiscontinuity having a curved sinusoidal geometry relative to boundariesof upper and lower portions of the transponder chip opening for anotherexemplary card embodiment.

FIGS. 17B-17F are a perspective view (B) and plan view illustrations ofthe front surface (C), top side (D), left side (E), and back surface(F), respectively, of an exemplary card having the discontinuitydepicted in FIG. 17A.

FIG. 18A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for adiscontinuity having a curved sinusoidal geometry relative to boundariesof upper and lower portions of the transponder chip opening for anotherexemplary card embodiment.

FIGS. 18B-18F are a perspective view (B) and plan view illustrations ofthe front surface (C), top side (D), left side (E), and back surface(F), respectively, of an exemplary card having the discontinuitydepicted in FIG. 18A.

FIG. 19A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for adiscontinuity having a stairstep geometry relative to boundaries ofupper and lower portions of the transponder chip opening for anotherexemplary card embodiment.

FIGS. 19B-19F are a perspective view (B) and plan view illustrations ofthe front surface (C), top side (D), left side (E), and back surface(F), respectively, of an exemplary card having the discontinuitydepicted in FIG. 19A.

FIG. 20A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for adiscontinuity having a single stairstep geometry relative to boundariesof upper and lower portions of the transponder chip opening for anotherexemplary card embodiment.

FIGS. 20B-20F are a perspective view (B) and plan view illustrations ofthe front surface (C), top side (D), left side (E), and back surface(F), respectively, of an exemplary card having the discontinuitydepicted in FIG. 20A.

FIG. 21A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for adiscontinuity having a single stairstep geometry relative to boundariesof upper and lower portions of the transponder chip opening for anotherexemplary card embodiment.

FIGS. 21B-21F are a perspective view (B) and plan view illustrations ofthe front surface (C), top side (D), left side (E), and back surface(F), respectively, of an exemplary card having the discontinuitydepicted in FIG. 21A.

FIG. 22A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for adiscontinuity, which extends from the opening to a bottom side of thecard, relative to boundaries of upper and lower portions of thetransponder chip opening for another exemplary card embodiment.

FIGS. 22B-22F are a perspective view (B) and plan view illustrations ofthe front surface (C), bottom side (D), left side (E), and back surface(F), respectively, of an exemplary card having the discontinuitydepicted in FIG. 21A.

FIG. 23A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for adiscontinuity, which extends diagonally from the opening to near abottom left corner of the card, relative to boundaries of upper andlower portions of the transponder chip opening for another exemplarycard embodiment.

FIGS. 23B-23F are a perspective view (B) and plan view illustrations ofthe front surface (C), top side (D), left side (E), and back surface(F), respectively, of an exemplary card having the discontinuitydepicted in FIG. 23A.

FIG. 24A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for adiscontinuity, which also extends diagonally from the opening to near abottom lefthand corner of the card, relative to boundaries of upper andlower portions of the transponder chip opening for another exemplarycard embodiment.

FIGS. 24B-24F are a perspective view (B) and plan view illustrations ofthe front surface (C), top side (D), left side (E), and back surface(F), respectively, of an exemplary card having the discontinuitydepicted in FIG. 24A.

FIG. 25A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for aplurality of discontinuities relative to boundaries of upper and lowerportions of the transponder chip opening for another exemplary cardembodiment.

FIGS. 25B-25F are a perspective view (B) and plan view illustrations ofthe front surface (C), top side (D), left side (E), and back surface(F), respectively, of an exemplary card having the discontinuitydepicted in FIG. 25A.

FIG. 26A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for aplurality of discontinuities relative to boundaries of upper and lowerportions of the transponder chip opening for another exemplary cardembodiment.

FIGS. 26B-26F are a perspective view (B) and plan view illustrations ofthe front surface (C), top side (D), left side (E), and back surface(F), respectively, of an exemplary card having the discontinuitydepicted in FIG. 26A.

FIG. 27A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for aplurality of discontinuities relative to boundaries of upper and lowerportions of the transponder chip opening for another exemplary cardembodiment.

FIGS. 27B-27F are a perspective view (B) and plan view illustrations ofthe front surface (C), top side (D), left side (E), and back surface(F), respectively, of an exemplary card having the discontinuitydepicted in FIG. 27A.

FIG. 28A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for aplurality of discontinuities relative to boundaries of upper and lowerportions of the transponder chip opening for another exemplary cardembodiment.

FIGS. 28B-28F are a perspective view (B) and plan view illustrations ofthe front surface (C), top side (D), left side (E), and back surface(F), respectively, of an exemplary card having the discontinuitydepicted in FIG. 28A.

FIG. 29A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for anexemplary discontinuity relative to boundaries of upper and lowerportions of the transponder chip opening for another exemplary cardembodiment.

FIGS. 29B-29F are a perspective view (B) and plan view illustrations ofthe front surface (C), top side (D), left side (E), and back surface(F), respectively, of an exemplary card having the discontinuitydepicted in FIG. 29A.

FIG. 30A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for anexemplary discontinuity, having a curved geometry, relative toboundaries of upper and lower portions of the transponder chip openingfor another exemplary card embodiment.

FIGS. 30B-30F are a perspective view (B) and plan view illustrations ofthe front surface (C), top side (D), left side (E), and back surface(F), respectively, of an exemplary card having the discontinuitydepicted in FIG. 30A.

FIG. 31A is a schematic view illustration of a machine tool path for anexemplary discontinuity, having a curved, stairstep geometry, relativeto boundaries of upper and lower portions of the transponder chipopening for another exemplary card embodiment.

FIGS. 31B-31F are a perspective view (B) and plan view illustrations ofthe front surface (C), top side (D), left side (E), and back surface(F), respectively, of an exemplary card having the discontinuitydepicted in FIG. 31A.

FIG. 32 is a cross sectional illustration of an exemplary cardembodiment showing exemplary optional layers over and under the metallayer.

FIG. 33 is a cross sectional illustration of an exemplary cardembodiment showing a surface coating with various exemplary markings andengravings.

FIG. 34 is a cross sectional illustration of another exemplary cardembodiment, showing a discontinuity partially filled with a surfacecoating.

FIG. 35A is a plan view of a front surface of an exemplary card with adiscontinuity and an exemplary pocket for receiving a reinforcing tab.

FIG. 35B is perspective view from the front left side of the card ofFIG. 35A prior to receiving reinforcing tabs.

FIG. 35C is an exploded perspective view from the front left side lowercorner of the card of FIG. 35A, showing the placement of reinforcingtabs.

FIG. 35D is a perspective view of an isolated front tab as depicted inFIG. 35C.

FIG. 35E is a perspective view of an isolated back tab as depicted inFIG. 35C.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIGS. 1A-7 show an exemplary transaction card or portion of a card 100,having a card periphery 101 defined by left side 104 (also depicted inFIG. 3), right side 106 (also depicted in FIG. 4), top side 108 (alsodepicted in FIG. 5), and bottom side 102 (also depicted in FIG. 6). Leftside 104 and right side 106 are parallel to one another, and top side108 and bottom side 102 are parallel to each other. Sides 104 and 106may be referred to as the “relatively shorter” sides and sides 108 and102 referred to as the “relatively longer” sides. The portion of thecard illustrated in FIG. 1C is a metal layer 100 having a front surface112 (also depicted in FIG. 2) and a back surface 114 (also depicted inFIG. 7). It should be understood that the terms “front” and “back” areused herein for differentiation of the opposite surfaces, and noparticular significance is intended by the use of these terms. Similarlythe terms right and left and top and bottom are used to refer to thesides that form the periphery of the card, which terms are oriented froma view of the front surface of a card as depicted in, e.g., FIG. 2, butagain, this terminology is for ease of description only. Similarly, theterm “side” is used herein to refer to the sides that form periphery ofthe card, and the term “edge” is used to refer to the edges of theboundary of the opening, but the use of these terms is intended only fordifferentiation, without specific significance to the terminology used.

As depicted in FIGS. 1B, 1C and 2, an opening 120 in the metal layer 100is sized to accommodate a transponder chip module 121 having a frontsurface 127 and a back surface 126 (as shown in FIG. 3). The details ofthe transponder chip module are not a claimed feature of the inventionand are shown for illustrative purposes only. Although an 8-pin moduleis shown, the transponder may have fewer or more contacts, such as forexample, a 6-pin module. Those of skill in the art will recognize thatany number of different transponder chip designs are available and maybe used in an exemplary card.

As shown in more detail in FIG. 1B, the opening has a left edge 124parallel and relatively closest to the left short side 104 of the cardperiphery 101, a second edge 128 parallel and relatively closest to thetop side 108 of the card periphery, a third edge 122 parallel andrelatively closest to the bottom side 102 of the card periphery. Leftedge 124 is relatively closer to the left side 104 of the card peripherythan the top edge 128 is to the top side 108 of the periphery, and thetop edge 128 is relatively closer to the top side 108 of the peripherythan the bottom edge 122 is to the bottom side 102 of the cardperiphery. The edges of the opening 120 define corners (e.g. a top leftcorner 125 formed by edge 124 and edge 128 and a bottom left corner 123formed by edge 124 and edge 122).

A discontinuity or slit 130 in metal layer 100 comprises a gap in themetal layer extending from the front surface 112 to the back surface 114of the metal layer 100. The terms “discontinuity” and “slit” may be usedinterchangeably herein. The discontinuity defines a path from an origin(O) at the card periphery and terminating at a terminus (T) in theperiphery of the opening. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A-C, theterminus is located relatively closer to corner 125 than to the adjacentcorner 123 defined by common edge 124. Most if not all of the otherinventive embodiments depicted herein show the terminus locatedrelatively closer to one corner than the other corner defined by thecommon edge. This is in contrast to prior art designs that depict theslit terminating in a location at a midpoint between adjacent corners123 and 125.

As depicted in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the opening and the discontinuityreflect an intermediate step in the manufacture of the card. Opening120, as depicted, is a stepped pocket opening that defines an overallarea having an outer boundary 144 and an inner boundary 146. An upperportion (open to the front surface of the card) of the stepped pocketopening has an open area defined by the outer boundary 144. A lowerportion of the pocket (open to the back surface of the card) has an areadefined by inner boundary 146, wherein the area of the lower portion ofthe pocket is less than the area of the upper portion of the pocket. Thewall between the inner boundary and the outer boundary along thedirection of the thickness of the card defines a ledge 147 between theinner boundary and wall of the upper pocket and having a surfaceparallel to the upper and lower surfaces of the card. It should beunderstood that as used herein, the term “parallel” as used inconnection with any and all comparative features is intended to meanparallel within a desired tolerance, but may include features that arenot precisely parallel. The discontinuity is depicted as having anendpoint E located on the inner boundary 146.

FIG. 1A depicts a “tool path and milling boundary view” of the card ofFIGS. 1B and 1C. FIG. 1A schematically reflects discontinuity 130 as aline showing a tool path for the cutter (e.g. laser) for generating thediscontinuity. Thus, the line 130 in FIG. 1A extends past the origin Oon the periphery of the card and past the endpoint E on the innerboundary of the opening. The manufacturing boundary lines correspondingto the opening depict the locations of the inner boundary 146 and outerboundary 144 of the upper and lower pockets generated by thepocket-making process, which may be performed by milling tools, etchingtools, lasers, and the like. Sequentially, during manufacture of thecard, the discontinuity may first be cut in the metal layer, such aswith a laser, along a line including origin O and endpoint E and whichmay extend past both origin O and endpoint E to ensure a complete cutthrough the metal layer. Then the upper and lower pockets are milled.Thus, although depicted in the tool path view of FIG. 1A with theendpoint of the discontinuity located inside the inner boundary 146, ina completed metal layer, such as is shown in FIG. 1B, the discontinuityactually ends at the inner boundary 146 at point E, but from the frontof the card as depicted in FIG. 1C, the discontinuity is only visible tothe edge of the outer boundary 144 at point T, because of the paymentmodule inserted in the opening. Because only the inner boundary 146extends through the back surface 114 of the metal layer, thediscontinuity 130 extends to the endpoint E on the back of the card. Itshould be understood that the design of the transponder chip depictedherein only illustrates an exemplary contact pattern, and the inventionis not limited to any particular pattern. It should also be understoodthat although the discontinuity 130, the inner boundary 146, and theback surface of the module 126 are depicted on the back of the metallayer in FIG. 7, layers over the back surface of the card may fully orpartially obscure visibility of the discontinuity, the transponder chip,and the opening, depending upon the nature and opacity of the backlayer. In general, the opening and transponder chip are typicallyobscured from view by an opaque member or portion of a layer, but someportion of the discontinuity may be detectable from the back side, ifviewed closely and if an optional back layer of the card is not fullyopaque. It should further be understood that the contacts on the topsurface 127 of the transponder module are preferably flush with theoutermost front surface of the card. If the metal layer is the toplayer, the contacts will be flush with the front surface of the metallayer. If another layer, such as a clear plastic layer or a ceramiclayer, are disposed on top of the metal layer, however, such as depictedin FIG. 32, the contacts will be mounted flush with the top layer 1200.

After creating the discontinuity, the opening may be cut by firstmilling the lower portion and then milling the upper portion, or viceversa. The lower portion may be milled from the back surface of thecard, and the upper portion from the front surface of the card (althoughboth portions may be milled from the front surface). In someembodiments, a non-conductive material may be provided in the opening byany of the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,390,366, incorporatedherein by reference. When the payment module is eventually mounted inthe opening, an upper portion of the module rests on ledge 147 and theintegrated circuit on the back of the module is disposed in the lowerportion. The geometry of the lower portion of the pocket (e.g. definedby boundary 146 in FIGS. 1A and 1B), specifically its length (Xdimension—parallel to the long sides 102, 108 of the metal layer) andwidth (Y dimension—parallel to the short sides 104, 106 of the metallayer) in the plane coextensive with the back surface of the card, hasan impact on RF performance. For example, acceptable ranges ofperformance for a 6-pin payment module may have X and Y dimensionspreferably in a range of 3-10 mm, more preferably X=7.9 mm to 8.9 mm andY=4.5 mm to 6.0 mm, and most preferably 7.9 mm×5.3 mm. For an 8-pinpayment module, acceptable ranges of performance may have X and Ydimensions preferably in the range of 7 mm to 10 mm, and more preferablyin the range of 7.5 mm to 9.5 mm. The size of the gap in thediscontinuity may also impact performance, with the gap size preferablyless than 1 mm, more preferably less than 0.5 mm, and most preferablyabout 0.1 mm, plus or minus 0.05 mm. The invention is not limited to anyparticular discontinuity gap size or dimensions of the lower portion ofthe pocket, however. In the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 1A-2, the leftside 104 of the card has a region 150 (shown in FIG. 2 only, to reduceclutter) that is aligned with (e.g. coextensive with and parallel to)the left edge 124 of the opening 120/transponder module 121, and theorigin (O) for the discontinuity is located on card periphery 101outside region 150. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 1, the terminusis located at corner 125.

Depicted in FIGS. 8A-31A are various other slit configurations, each ofwhich can be characterized in numerous ways and may have certainfeatures. Each FIG. 8A, 9A, etc. depicts the manufacturing path orboundary lines associated with each slit design. For the illustrationsof the manufacturing path lines, the line 802, 902, etc. correspondingto the slit as depicted corresponds to the tool path for the cutter(e.g. laser) for generating the discontinuity. The manufacturingboundary lines corresponding for the opening depicts the inner (e.g.804, 904) and outer (e.g. 806, 906) boundaries of the upper and lowerpockets generated by the pocket-making tools, which may be millingtools, etching tools, lasers, and the link. The finished metal layers ofthe cards, in each case, however, conform to the designs as shown inFIGS. 8B-8F, 9B-9F, etc., in which, for example, FIGS. 8B, 9B, etc.depict the front view perspective views of the metal layer of therespective cards, FIGS. 8C, 9C, etc. depict front surface views, FIGS.8D, 9D, etc. depict top (or bottom) side views, FIGS. 8E, 9E, etc.depict left side views, and FIGS. 8F, 9F, etc. depict back surfaceviews. As should be understood, the one of the top side view or bottomside view depicted is selected to show the side of the card on which theorigin (O) of each discontinuity is located, whereas the one of the topor bottom side view not depicted is essentially identical to FIG. 6.Likewise, the right side view for all of the aforementioned embodimentsis essentially identical to the side view depicted in FIG. 4.

It should also be understood that FIGS. 8A-F to 31A-F depict only themetal layer of the exemplary cards. The metal layer may have one or morelayers disposed over the front surface or the back surface of the card,and each additional layer may cover the entire surface or only a portionof the surface. The metal layer itself may comprise a composite ofmultiple metal layers, including embodiments in which at least one layercomprises a different metal than another. The additional layers maycomprise, for example, any of the layers described in U.S. PublishedPat. App. No. US2015/0339564A1 and/or US2017/0316300A1, incorporatedherein by reference in their entireties. A preferred embodiment maycomprise a ceramic coating on the front surface of the metal card and aplastic layer on the back surface of the card.

Referring now to the slit configuration depicted in FIG. 8A, the origin(O) is located relatively closer to the line defined by the top side 108than the terminus (T). This characterization is also true of the slitconfiguration depicted in FIG. 1, in which the origin (O) is located onthe top side 108. The location of the origin relatively closer to theline defined by the top side of the periphery than the terminus is alsotrue of at least the designs depicted in FIGS. 9A, 10A, 12A, 14A-17A,19A-21A, 30A, and 31A. In other designs, the location of the terminus islocated relatively closer to the line defined by the top side 108, suchas in the slit designs depicted in FIGS. 22A-24A. The term “line definedby the top side” refers to the imaginary line in space along which thetop side 108 lies. Because the cards have rounded corners, the distancefrom the origin to the line defined by top side 108 is measured fromintersection of the line defined by the top side 108 and the linedefined by the left side 104, which point is not actually physicallypresent as part of a metal layer having standard rounded corners. Thusin each of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, one of the terminus orthe origin are located relatively closer to one long side of theperiphery than the other. In other embodiments (e.g. FIGS. 11A, 18A,others) the terminus and the origin may be located approximately thesame distance from the top or bottom sides.

It should be understood that although the term “origin” and “terminus,”although representative of one method of constructing the discontinuityin which the cut line begins at or before the origin and extends in thedirection of and beyond the terminus as further described herein, theuse of these terms does not imply a specific manufacturing method ordirection of the cut for forming the discontinuity. Furthermore,although referred to as a “terminus,” as explained elsewhere herein, theterminus is only the location where the discontinuity meets the openingon the top surface of the card, and the discontinuity actually extendsfurther inward to the periphery of the opening in the back surface ofthe card. Finally, although the front, upper left of the card istraditionally the location for the contacts, relative to what a consumerconsiders the “front” of a finished card containing the card branding,card number, and the like, it should be understood that in otherembodiments, the contacts may be located in a mirror image position onthe lower back right of the card and provide equivalent functionality,with the discontinuity similarly located relative to the back surface ofthe card as depicted herein relative to the front surface. Thus, the“front” and “back” surfaces of the card, as used herein, are relative tothe disposition of the transponder module and do not necessarily reflecta traditional “front” or “back” as those terms might be used by aconsumer in receipt of the final card. Of course, the location of thecontacts is dictated by the arrangement of card readers that read thecards via a physical connection, and it should be understood that thelocation of the transponder chip relative to the periphery of the cardis not limited by the invention.

In certain embodiments, the discontinuity path comprises at least twochanges in direction of 90 degrees or more. For example, FIGS. 9A, 19A,and 31A illustrate stairstep designs in which the discontinuity pathmakes multiple 90 degree changes in direction. In the embodimentsdepicted in FIGS. 9A, 19A, and 31A, the stairstep geometry has a rise(vertical distance covered between adjacent horizontal sections) and arun (horizontal distance covered between adjacent vertical sections), inwhich the rise is greater than the run. In other embodiments, not shown,the rise and run may be equal or the run may be greater than the rise.In the embodiments depicted, the rise and run are roughly equal for eachstep, but in other embodiments, the rise and run may be different in atleast one step relative to others in the series of steps.

FIGS. 11A and 13A illustrate sawtooth geometries in which the path ofthe discontinuity makes multiple changes in direction of more than 90degrees. FIG. 12A illustrates a discontinuity path that has a microstairstep geometry and a macro sawtooth geometry, comprising at least afirst plurality of more than two changes in direction of 90 degreesleading to a first change in direction of more than 90 degrees and asecond plurality of more than two changes in direction of 90 degreesleading to a second change in direction of more than 90 degrees. Again,although depicted with each “tooth” in the sawtooth geometry of roughlyequal dimension, the invention is not limited to such geometries.

The discontinuity path may also have at least one section of curvedgeometry. A basic curved geometry is illustrated in FIG. 10A, but thecurved design may also have one or more changes in direction greaterthan or equal to 90 degrees, wherein at least one of the changes indirection has a curved geometry. The embodiments illustrated in FIGS.14A-18A depict such features, with the discontinuity paths illustratedin FIG. 14A-16A each having a sinusoidal shape for at least a portion ofthe path comprising at least two changes in direction of more than 90degrees.

Although the paths shown in FIGS. 14-16 are generally sinusoidal innature, a curved path with multiple changes in direction may also haveportions that complete a change in direction of more than 180 degreesbefore making a subsequent change in direction of more than 180 degrees,as depicted in FIGS. 17A-C. Also depicted in FIGS. 17A-C, the size ofeach section encompassing a 180 degree change in direction may vary overthe length of the path from a relatively smaller section 1712 to arelatively larger section 1714.

The path in FIG. 31A depicts sections of curved geometry within astairstep architecture, comprising a radius or fillet instead of a rightangle for each change of direction of 90 degrees. Such a path may enablefaster operation of the cutting tool and/or may be aesthetically morepleasing than the embodiment with sharp direction changes.

In some embodiments, such as depicted in FIGS. 15A-18A, the terminus ofthe discontinuity may be located on the top edge opening with the originlocated on the left side of the card. In other embodiments, such asdepicted in FIGS. 1A-7, and FIG. 22A-F, the discontinuity may be locatedon the top or bottom side of the card periphery and the terminus may beon the top or bottom edge or a top or bottom corner of the opening.

In some embodiments, such as depicted in FIGS. 9A, 19A, and 30A, thediscontinuity has a terminus located on the left edge of the opening ata location relatively closer to the bottom left corner 125 than theupper left corner 123 and has an origin in the left side of the cardperiphery in a location relatively closer to the upper left corner 123than the bottom left corner 125. In other embodiments, such as depictedin FIGS. 8A, 10A, 15A, 20A, and 21A, the terminus location is relativelycloser to upper left corner 123 than the bottom left corner 125 and theorigin is located in the left side of the card periphery relativelycloser to the upper left corner 123 than the bottom left corner 125. Inother words, the paths of the discontinuities for both of the foregoingtypes of embodiments are generally diagonal and downward from the originto the terminus, but the first group terminates on the left edge of theopening closer to the bottom corner than the top corner.

As described above and depicted in the figures, e.g., 1C, 8C, 9C, etc.,in a completed metal layer of the card, a transponder chip module 121 isdisposed in the opening, and the metal layer serves as an amplifyingantenna for the transponder chip module. In final card embodimentsincorporating any of the metal layers depicted and described herein,such as layer 1100 depicted in FIG. 32, the card may comprise at leastone non-metal layer 1200, 1300 disposed on at least one surface of themetal layer 1100, such as but not limited to a plastic layer, a ceramiclayer, a decorative layer comprising one of wood or leather, or acombination thereof. Different types of layers, or combinations thereof,may be disposed on different surfaces of the card. As used herein, theterm “disposed” does not denote a direct connection to the respectivesurface, but also an indirect connection (i.e. on top of one or moreother layers that are directly connected to the surface).

In one preferred embodiment, wherein metal layer 1100 has a stairstepshaped discontinuity 902, 1902, 3102, such as is depicted in, forexample, FIGS. 9A-C, 19A-C and 31A-C, the card may have a front surfacecoated with ceramic layer 1200 and a back surface on which a plasticlayer 1300 is attached, preferably by an adhesive. As is known to one ofskill in the art, attachment of a plastic layer with an adhesive maycomprise employing a carrier substrate (e.g. polyester) having adhesive(e.g. an ethylene copolymer adhesive, such as ethylene acrylic acid(EEA)) on both sides. As depicted in the cross sectional diagram of FIG.34, in embodiments with a ceramic layer 3400 comprising a ceramiccoating over the metal layer 3410, the gap 3402 defined by thediscontinuity may at least partially filled with the ceramic coating,leaving a surface imperfection 3404 still visible from the top surfaceof the ceramic coating.

The discontinuity as described herein may be optically visible from oneor both surfaces of the card. In some embodiments, such as one in whichthe back surface is covered with an opaque plastic or translucentplastic with opaque ink, the discontinuity may not be visible from theback surface. In embodiments with front decorative layers, such as wood,leather, or certain ceramics, the discontinuity may also be hidden fromthe front. In some ceramic-coated embodiments, however, the ceramiccoating may only partially fill the gap caused by the discontinuity,thereby making the discontinuity still visibly perceptible, at least asa surface imperfection 3404 as depicted in FIG. 34, which imperfectionmay be in the form of at least a perceptible line, if not a perceptiblegap. Thus, it should be understood that in the drawings depicting afinished metal layer, that metal layer may be a top layer, or it may bea layer that is covered with another layer but still visibly perceptiblein some way.

In still other discontinuity embodiments, the card may comprise aplurality of discontinuities, such as in the embodiments depicted inFIGS. 25A-28A. In all of the embodiments depicted, at least one of theplurality of discontinuities (e.g. 2502, 2602, 2702, 2802) has a lengthequal to a shortest length from the opening to the periphery of thecard, and at least two of the plurality of discontinuities (e.g. 2502and 2504, 2602 and 2604, etc.) are parallel to one another. In someembodiments, such as depicted in FIG. 25A, fewer than all of theplurality of discontinuities may extend from the periphery to theopening, meaning that one or more discontinuities (e.g. 2506) may extendfrom only the periphery of the card or the periphery of the opening, butnot to both and/or one or more discontinuities (e.g. 2508, 2509, 2510)may not extend to either the periphery of the card or the periphery ofthe opening. In multiple-discontinuity embodiments, the presence ofmultiple discontinuities spreads the stress associated with flexureacross multiple locations, minimizing the stress whitening attributableto any one discontinuity. In the embodiments depicted with multipleslits extending from the card periphery to the opening, metal areasdisposed between such slits are held in place by the overlying andunderlying non-metal layers of the card.

In a method for making a transaction card as described herein, themethod comprising the steps of (a) providing a metal layer having anfront surface and a back surface; (b) creating an opening in the metallayer sized to accommodate a transponder chip module, having thefeatures described herein, (c) creating a discontinuity in the metallayer as described herein, and (d) disposing the transponder chip modulein the opening. As described above, the step of creating thediscontinuity may precede the step of creating the opening for thetransponder chip module.

As described above, the method may comprise at least partially fillingthe gap defined by the discontinuity with a non-metal material, such asceramic. The method may also further comprise disposing at least onenon-metal layer on the front surface or the back surface of the metallayer, such as by adhesively bonding the non-metal layer to the metallayer, or by spray coating a ceramic layer onto the metal layer. In someembodiments, the non-metal layer comprises a ceramic layer having acolor, in which the method further comprises using a laser to create oneor more permanent markings on the ceramic layer having a different colorthan the ceramic layer color, as described in more detail with respectto FIG. 33 later herein. In some embodiments, the permanent markings inthe ceramic may arise from a chemical change of a pigment within theceramic composition, or the permanent markings may arise from removingan overlying ceramic layer to reveal an underlying layer having adifferent color. The underlying layer with the different color maycomprise an underlying ceramic layer, if multiple layers of ceramic areprovided. For example, it has been found that for certain types of curedceramic spray coatings comprised of ceramic microparticles containing,e.g., zirconia dioxide, aluminum disilicide, pigment, and a curableresin binder suspended in a carrier solution, a white colored baseceramic layer having a white pigment therein may have better adhesionthan a layer having a colored pigment, and therefore a first, whitelayer may be disposed underneath a second, non-white layer of ceramic.Or, multiple ceramic layers may be used for aesthetic purposes. In otherembodiments, the exposed underlying layer having the different color maybe the metal layer. In still other embodiments, a composite metal coremay facilitate the appearance of different colors depending upon thedepth of the engravings. The engraving may be performed by any method,such as a chemical or mechanical method, and is not limited to lasermarking. Finally, grooves in the ceramic may be filled with anothersubstance, such as metal. For example, a ceramic-coated steel card mayhave laser engraved grooves in the ceramic coating that penetrate to themetal, and then a noble or precious metal, such as gold, silver,platinum, or the like, may be electroplated into the groove as a filler.

The various configurations comprising the ceramic layers as describedherein are not limited to card embodiments having a discontinuity in themetal layer as described herein. Although the ceramic layer may compriseone or more layers of a ceramic coating applied directly to the metaland cured, other methods of providing the ceramic layer may includeadhering a freestanding monolithic ceramic layer to the metal layer ordisposing a ceramic coating on a substrate, and then adhering theceramic-coated substrate to the metal layer. In another method, aceramic layer may be created by tapecasting and adhered to the body.

Cards with slit geometries as shown and claimed herein have functionaladvantages over cards with straight slit geometries or other geometriesof the prior art, per the examples noted herein. While all of thediscontinuity designs may have functional advantages over prior artdesigns, some more than others, and all or most may have relativelysimilar production costs, some may be considered more aestheticallypleasing than others and thus may be favored purely for aestheticreasons. Thus, certain features of the discontinuities in the metallayers disclosed herein may be selected for ornamental design and arenot dictated by practical function. Accordingly, design elements of eachmay be varied and selected while maintaining functionality, such that avariety of ornamental configurations are available with substantiallythe same function or performance. As non-limiting examples, the exactcontours of the discontinuity, such as the number of steps or zig zags,rise or run of steps, curved or non-curved changes in direction, degreeof curvature or changes in direction, precise locations of the origin,terminus, and any inflection points, and the number of discontinuitiesin embodiments with a plurality of discontinuity, may be varied toprovide different ornamental appearances while maintaining substantiallythe same functionality. The ornamental design of the metal layer may beprotected separately in one or more U.S. design patent applications.

The use of alternative slit designs enable a traditional metal orceramic-coated metal card to overcome potential weaknesses at the slit,which allow the card to maintain the traditional metal feel and sound.Another option for reinforcing the card is to use a self-supportinglayer on the back of the card, such as an FR4 material (a thermosetlaminate made with epoxy resin and woven fiberglass) or polyimide.Printed layers, such as for the various indicia, magnetic stripe, etc.,may be assembled with the FR4 layer or printed directly on the FR4layer. For example, in one embodiment depicted generally in FIG. 32, arelatively thin (e.g. 0.009 inches thick) stainless steel substrate 1100may be used with an FR4 backing layer 1300. In another embodiment, an 18mil stainless steel layer may have on its back side a 4 mil FR4 layer(attached to the steel layer with a 2 mil adhesive layer), a 5 milprinted sheet on the back of the FR4 layer (attached via another 2 miladhesive layer), and a 2 mil overlay layer comprising the magneticstripe laminated to the back side of the print sheet layer. The printsheet and mag stripe overlay layers are the layers vulnerable to stresswhitening, which the reinforcing layer helps to prevent. Whilereinforced backing may enable the weakness of the slit to be overcomesufficiently without a need to use one of the other slit designsdescribed herein, embodiments combining both an FR4 (or otherself-supporting) layer and one of the slit geometries depicted hereinmay also be provided. Preferable self-supporting layers have a rigidityof 80 MPa·m³ to 40 GPa·m³.

Thus, referring now to FIG. 32, there is shown a cross-sectionalillustration of an exemplary card embodiment 1000, showing the metallayer 1100, which may be any metal layer as described herein, with orwithout a slit, and having a stepped opening 1005 therein, including anopening upper portion 1010, the opening lower portion 1012. Alsoillustrated in FIG. 32 are a front layer 1200 and a back layer 1300.Layer 1200 has an opening 1205 that matches (i.e. is coextensive with)opening upper portion 1010, so that the contacts of a transponder moduledisposed in the opening in the metal card will sit relatively flush withthe upper surface of layer 1200. The thicknesses of the layers depictedin any of the drawings herein are not to scale. In some embodiments, thefront layer as depicted in FIG. 32 may represent a plurality of layers,the back layer as depicted may represent a plurality of layers, themetal layer as depicted may represent a plurality of layers, or anycombination thereof. Layers 1200 and 1300 are both optional. In oneembodiment, layer 1200 may comprise a 9 mil PVC or PVC/PEEK compositelayer on the front of a 10 mil metal layer and a 10 mil PVC layer on theback of the metal layer. The front and back layers may each be adheredto the metal layer with 2 mil adhesive layers, such as a polyestersubstrate having EEA adhesive on both sides, as is well known in theart. Some embodiments may have only a front layer or a back layer, butnot both, and some metal card products may have no additional layersother than a coating to promote printability on the metal. For example,the card may comprise a printable metal such as printable stainlesssteel having a coating at least on its front face that improvesacceptance of printing inks on the stainless steel surface. The coatingmay comprise, for example, a polyester based coating receptive to UVcurable screen and inkjet inks or solvent or oxidation printing.

It should be understood that one manufacturer may provide the metallayer as an intermediate to a finisher that may add additional layers aspart of later processing. In one embodiment, as described herein, frontlayer 1200 comprises a ceramic layer (applied to the metal layer by anyof the methods described herein) and back layer comprises a plasticlayer. In another embodiment described herein, back layer 1200 may be aself-supporting layer, such as a layer made from FR4.

As illustrated in FIG. 33, in some embodiments, a ceramic layer 3300 ona metal layer 3302 may comprise at least two ceramic layers 3312 and3314, each layer having a different color. Similarly, metal layer 3302may comprise at least two metal layers 3322, 3324, and the two metallayers may be different metals having different colors. Creating adesign in the ceramic layer may comprise making laser markings 3330 thatchange a color in the ceramic layer by permanently chemically changing apigment in the ceramic layer, or by removing a portion of the ceramic tomake a groove. Such a groove may be a superficial groove, such as groove3331 that does not penetrate the upper layer to reveal underlyinglayers, or may be a groove that reveals an underlying layers. Groovesmay be created with laser, mechanical, or chemical methods known in theart. Grooves that reveal an underlying layer may include grooves 3332that remove one ceramic layer 3312 to reveal another ceramic layer 3314,grooves 3334 that remove all ceramic layers 3312 and 3314 to reveal anupper metal layer 3322, and grooves 3336 that remove all the ceramiclayers 3312, 3314 and the upper metal layer 3322 to expose an underlyingmetal layer 3324. Still another design technique may include creating agroove (such as any of the groove embodiments described above) and thenfilling that groove in the ceramic with another material, such as anelectroplated metal 3338, which may be a different metal than one orboth of the other metal layer or layers. For filling a groove byelectroplating, the initial groove is preferably a groove 3334 or 3336that removes the ceramic down to a metal layer. Although presented in asingle embodiment for illustrative purposes only, each of the variousgrooves and marking techniques may be practiced alone or in anycombination with others described herein. And although described incombination with the various embodiments disclosed herein forreinforcing a slit card design, the various techniques for creatingdecorations in a ceramic card are not limited to such embodiments.

Yet another embodiment of strengthening a section of a card having adiscontinuity comprises providing a supporting tab overlying and/orunderlying the discontinuity, such as for card 3500 depicted in FIGS.35A-E. In an exemplary embodiment, such as for a “full metal” card,having no co-extensive layers on the top or back surface of the card(except, optionally, a coating to promote printing), pockets 3510, 3512around the opening 3520 for the module (not shown) are recessed in the Zaxis on both sides of the card. Pockets 3510, 3512 on opposite sides ofthe card, both of which of which have an area that is less than the areaof the metal layer, are depicted as the same size as one another in thefigures, but can be different sizes. Non-metal inserts 3540, 3550, suchas ceramic or plastic, are placed into the pockets 3510, 3512. In asimilar design for a “hybrid/veneer card” (having one or more non-metallayers on the back side of the metal layer, typically coextensive withthe metal layer), a pocket and corresponding insert may be provided onlyin the front. Front insert 3540 has a hole 3545 to accommodate themodule and expose the contact portion of the module on the top surfaceof the card. The use of an insert construction, such as is disclosedherein, may avoid the need to provide a stepped pocket for thetransponder module in the metal layer, as the thicknesses of the pocketson either side may be selected so that the “lip” (larger peripheryportion) of the module (not shown) rests on the shelf created by thecard body and the portion on the back of the module protrudes throughthe hole 3520 in card body and stops short of the inner surface of therear insert 3550. Artwork may be applied to the inserts by laser or anymeans known in the art.

It should be understood that any of the methods disclosed herein forstrengthening an area around a discontinuity of a card (specific singleslit geometries, multiple-slit geometries, reinforcing layer(s), orreinforcing pocket insert) may be practiced alone or in combination withone another.

Any other methods of creating designs or providing indicia on card asare well known in the art may also be provided, including providing asignature block, a magnetic stripe, a hologram, branding indicia,personalization information, and the like.

EXAMPLES

Exemplary slit design embodiments as depicted herein showed less inkcracking substrate stress whitening after short dimension bending(bending parallel to the long edges) than other cards, when subjected toa Dynamic Bending Stress Test (ref ISO/IEC 10373-1:2006). Variousembodiments were tested up to 500 Flex Test Cycles at a rate of 30cycles/minute per axis.

Design (by reference to Bend Cycles Across Short Axis FIG. # wheredepicted) Before Stress Whitening Induced Linear near center of chipcavity Immediate FIG. 29 <50 FIG. 1 >50 FIG. 23 >250 FIG. 19 >250 FIG.9 >500 FIG. 15 >500

Although the invention is illustrated and described herein withreference to specific embodiments, the invention is not intended to belimited to the details shown. Rather, various modifications may be madein the details within the scope and range of equivalents of the claimsand without departing from the invention.

Furthermore, although the discontinuity geometries shown herein havefunctional advantages over prior art geometries, it should be understoodthat there are potentially an infinite variety of geometries available,and that those depicted herein are merely a small subset of the myriadgeometries available that conform to the claims. Among the myriadgeometries available, including the myriad variations of a particulargeometry, which may exhibit suitable performance and function, there maybe certain designs that are preferred for purely aesthetic reasons.Accordingly, inclusion of any specific design herein representative of aparticular geometry is not an indication that the specific design isfunctionally better than an alternative design of a similar or even adifferent geometry, except as specifically noted. Similarly, to theextent a pattern with multiple changes of direction may have certainadvantages, the number of directional changes after a threshold numbermay be selected primarily for aesthetic reasons. Accordingly, thedescription herein is provided without prejudice to any number of designpatent applications relating to the specific designs presented herein.Features shown in solid lines in the utility patent drawings herein arewithout prejudice to showing the same in dashed lines to signify theirnon-inclusion within the scope of the design patent claims. Inparticular, one or more features visible on the back surfaces of themetal layer embodiments depicted herein may or may not be visible in acompleted card, because of one or more overlying layers and thus may bedepicted in dashed lines when depicting claimed design attributes, toshow that such features are not claimed. Similarly, the details of thetransponder module contacts are not a claimed aspect of the invention,and may be depicted in dashed lines in any drawing depicting claimeddesign attributes.

Although certain embodiments with multiple changes of direction havebeen depicted, it should be understood that embodiments with fewer ormore changes of direction are also possible. Similarly, while certainembodiments depict locations of the origin O and terminus T in specificlocations for a particular style of discontinuity, it should beunderstood that the locations of each may be varied along the peripheryof the card or the periphery of the opening in the card.

What is claimed:
 1. A transaction card having a card periphery definedby a plurality of sides, including first and second parallel short sidesand first and second parallel long sides, the short sides relativelyshorter than the long sides, the card comprising: a metal layer having afront surface and a back surface; and an opening in the metal layersized to accommodate a transponder chip module, the opening having afirst edge parallel and relatively closest to the first short side ofthe card periphery and aligned with a first section of the cardperiphery, a second edge parallel and relatively closest to the firstlong side of the card periphery, a third edge parallel and relativelyclosest to the second long side of the card periphery, the first edgerelatively closer to the short side of the card periphery than thesecond edge is to the long side of the card periphery, and the secondedge relatively closer to the first long side of the card periphery thanthe third edge is to the second long side of the card periphery, theedges of the opening defining corners, and a discontinuity in the metallayer comprising a gap in the metal layer extending from the frontsurface to the back surface, the discontinuity defining a path from anorigin at the card periphery and terminating at a terminus in theopening, wherein one of the terminus or the origin are locatedrelatively closer to a line defined by the first long side of the cardperiphery than the other, and the path has a length greater than ashortest distance from the terminus to the side of the card peripherycontaining the origin, wherein the short side of the card periphery hasa region aligned with the first edge of the opening, and the origin islocated on the card periphery outside the aligned region.
 2. Thetransaction card of claim 1, wherein the path comprises at least twochanges in direction of 90 degrees or more.
 3. The transaction card ofclaim 2, wherein at least a portion of the path of the discontinuitydefines a stairstep geometry comprising more than two changes indirection of 90 degrees.
 4. The transaction card of claim 1, wherein thepath of the discontinuity has at least one section of curved geometry.5. The transaction card of claim 4, wherein the path of thediscontinuity has one or more changes in direction greater than or equalto 90 degrees, wherein at least one change in direction has a curvedgeometry.
 6. The transaction card of claim 1, wherein the discontinuityextends from the first short side of the card periphery to the secondedge of the opening.
 7. The transaction card of claim 1, wherein thediscontinuity extends from the first long side or the second long sideof the card periphery to the opening.
 8. The transaction card of claim1, further comprising the transponder chip module disposed in theopening, wherein the metal layer comprises a booster antenna oramplifier for the transponder chip module.
 9. The transaction card ofclaim 1, further comprising a first non-metal layer disposed on a firstsurface of the metal layer.
 10. The transaction card of claim 9, whereinthe non-metal layer comprises a plastic layer.
 11. The transaction cardof claim 9, wherein the non-metal layer comprises a ceramic layer. 12.The transaction card of claim 11, wherein the ceramic layer comprises aceramic coating and gap defined by the discontinuity is at leastpartially filled with the ceramic coating.
 13. The transaction card ofclaim 9, further comprising a second non-metal layer disposed on asecond surface of the metal layer.
 14. The transaction card of claim 13,wherein the first non-metal layer comprises a ceramic layer and thesecond non-metal layer comprises a plastic layer.
 15. The transactioncard of claim 9, wherein the first non-metal layer comprises aself-supporting layer.
 16. The transaction card of claim 15, wherein theself-supporting layer comprises polyimide or a fiberglass reinforcedlayer comprising an epoxy.
 17. The transaction card of claim 15, whereinthe transaction card has a greater resistance to damage caused byflexure of the transaction card than a reference transaction card havingan otherwise identical configuration but lacking a same self-supportingnon-metal layer.
 18. The transaction card of claim 1, wherein thediscontinuity is optically visible from one or both surfaces of thecard.
 19. The transaction card of claim 1, wherein the discontinuity isnot optically visible from at least one surface of the card.
 20. Thetransaction card of claim 1, wherein the opening is a stepped openinghaving a first open area defined in the first surface of the card and asecond open area defined in the second surface of the card, wherein thefirst open area is greater than the second open area.
 21. Thetransaction card of claim 1, wherein the metal layer defines a firstarea and comprises a pocket defining a second area smaller than thefirst area, further comprising a non-metal insert disposed in thepocket.
 22. The transaction card of claim 21, wherein the discontinuityis contained within the area defined by the pocket.
 23. The transactioncard of claim 21, wherein the opening is contained within the areadefined by the pocket.
 24. The transaction card of claim 21, wherein thenon-metal insert is self-supporting.
 25. The transaction card of claim21, wherein the non-metal insert is ceramic.
 26. The transaction card ofclaim 21, comprising a first pocket on a front surface of the metallayer and a second pocket on a back surface of the metal layer, and afirst non-metal insert disposed in the first pocket and a secondnon-metal insert disposed in the second pocket.
 27. The transaction cardof claim 1, wherein the transaction card comprises a plurality of metallayers.
 28. The transaction card of claim 27, wherein the at least onediscontinuity in a first metal layer aligns with a non-discontinuousregion of a second metal layer.
 29. The transaction card of claim 28,wherein the at least one discontinuity in the first metal layercomprises a groove that visibly reveals the second metal layer from anouter surface of the transaction card.
 30. The transaction card of claim29, wherein the second metal layer has a different color than the firstmetal layer.
 31. The transaction card of claim 29, wherein the secondmetal layer comprises a different metal than the first metal layer. 32.The transaction card of claim 1, wherein the transaction card has agreater resistance to damage caused by flexure of the transaction cardthan a reference card having an otherwise identical configuration exceptfor a discontinuity terminus and discontinuity origin locatedequidistant from the line defined by the first long side of the cardperiphery.
 33. The transaction card of claim 1, wherein the terminus islocated on the first edge at a point non-equidistant from the secondedge and the third edge or on the second edge or third edge at a pointnon-equidistant from the first edge and a fourth edge opposite the firstedge.
 34. The transaction card of claim 1, further comprising anon-metal material disposed in the gap defined by the discontinuity. 35.The transaction card of claim 34, wherein the non-metal material fillsthe gap.
 36. The transaction card of claim 34, further comprising anon-metal layer disposed on at least one surface of the metal layer, inwhich the non-metal layer at least partially fills the gap defined bythe discontinuity.
 37. A method for making the transaction card of claim1, the method comprising the steps of: (a) providing the metal layer;(b) creating the opening in the metal layer sized to accommodate thetransponder chip module; (c) creating the discontinuity; and (d)disposing the transponder chip module in the opening.
 38. Thetransaction card of claim 1, wherein the path comprises at least threechanges in direction of 90 degrees or more.
 39. The transaction card ofclaim 38, wherein one or more of the at least three changes in directionhave a curved geometry.
 40. The transaction card of claim 39, comprisinga first change of direction relatively closest to the terminus and asecond change of direction adjacent the first change of direction,wherein the second change of direction is greater than the first changeof direction.
 41. The transaction card of claim 40, wherein the secondchange of direction comprises a curved 180 degree change in direction.42. The transaction card of claim 41, wherein the first change ofdirection is located relatively further from the second side of the cardperiphery than the second change of direction, and a third change ofdirection adjacent the second change of direction is located relativelycloser to the second side of the card periphery than the first change ofdirection.
 43. The transaction card of claim 42, wherein the terminus islocated on the first edge at a point non-equidistant from the secondedge and the third edge.
 44. The transaction card of claim 43, whereinthe origin is located on the first short side at a point relativelycloser to the second edge than the terminus.
 45. The transaction card ofclaim 44, wherein at least a portion of the path has a sinusoidalgeometry.
 46. The transaction card of claim 1, wherein the pathcomprises at least four changes in direction of 90 degrees or more. 47.A transaction card defined by a card periphery comprising first andsecond parallel short sides and first and second parallel long sides,wherein the short sides are relatively shorter than the long sides, thetransaction card comprising: a metal layer having a front surface, aback surface, and an opening sized to accommodate the transponder chipmodule; the opening having a first edge parallel and relatively closestto the first short side of the card periphery and aligned with a firstportion of the card periphery, a second edge parallel and relativelyclosest to the first long side of the card periphery, a third edgeparallel and relatively closest to the second long side of the cardperiphery, and a fourth edge opposite the first edge, the first edgerelatively closer to the short side of the card periphery than thesecond edge is to the long side of the card periphery, and the secondedge relatively closer to the first long side of the card periphery thanthe third edge is to the second long side of the card periphery, theedges of the opening defining corners; at least one discontinuity in themetal layer extending from the front surface of to the back surface, theat least one discontinuity comprising a gap having a width and defininga path extending from an origin on the periphery of the metal layer andterminating in a terminus in the opening; the card having a greaterresistance to damage caused by flexure of the card, than a referencecard having an otherwise identical configuration, including adiscontinuity having the same gap width and having its terminus andorigin located the same distance from a line defined by the first longside of the card periphery, but in an absence of one or morestrengthening features, wherein the greater resistance is provided bythe one or more strengthening features selected from the groupconsisting of: (a) a discontinuity wherein one of the terminus or theorigin are located relatively closer to the line defined by the firstlong side of the card periphery than the other and the path has a lengthgreater than a shortest distance from the terminus to the side of thecard periphery containing the origin, wherein the short side of the cardperiphery has a region aligned with the first edge of the opening, andthe origin is located on the card periphery outside the aligned region;(b) a discontinuity wherein the terminus is located on the first edge ata point non-equidistant from the second edge and the third edge or onthe second edge or third edge at a point non-equidistant from the firstedge and the fourth edge; (c) a plurality of discontinuities, eachhaving a length, wherein fewer than all of the plurality ofdiscontinuities extend from the card periphery to the opening; (d) aself-supporting non-metal layer having a periphery coextensive with theperiphery of the transaction card; (e) one or more ceramic reinforcingtabs surrounding at least one of the discontinuity and the opening anddisposed on one or both surfaces of the card; or (f) a combination ofany of the above.
 48. The transaction card of claim 47, wherein thefourth edge is parallel to the first edge.
 49. The transaction card ofclaim 48, wherein the fourth edge is parallel to the first edge.
 50. Atransaction card having a card periphery defined by a plurality ofsides, including first and second parallel short sides and first andsecond parallel long sides, the short sides relatively shorter than thelong sides, the card comprising: a metal layer having a front surfaceand a back surface; and an opening in the metal layer sized toaccommodate a transponder chip module, the opening having a first edgeparallel and relatively closest to the first short side of the cardperiphery and aligned with a first section of the card periphery, asecond edge parallel and relatively closest to the first long side ofthe card periphery, a third edge parallel and relatively closest to thesecond long side of the card periphery, and a fourth edge opposite thefirst edge, the first edge relatively closer to the short side of thecard periphery than the second edge is to the long side of the cardperiphery, and the second edge relatively closer to the first long sideof the card periphery than the third edge is to the second long side ofthe card periphery, the edges of the opening defining corners, and adiscontinuity in the metal layer comprising a gap in the metal layerextending from the front surface to the back surface, the discontinuitydefining a path from an origin at the card periphery and terminating ata terminus in the opening, wherein one of the terminus or the origin arelocated relatively closer to a line defined by the first long side ofthe card periphery than the other, wherein the terminus is located onthe first edge at a point non-equidistant from the second edge and thethird edge or on the second edge or third edge at a pointnon-equidistant from the first edge and the fourth edge.